Global Governance Program

Global Governance Program
Including the G7 Research Group, G20 Research Group,
BRICS Research Group and the Global Health Diplomacy Program

University of Toronto

Cover of G20 South Africa: The 2025  Johannesburg Summit

G20 South Africa: The 2025 Johannesburg Summit

Edited by John Kirton and Madeline Koch, with Elizabeth Sidiropoulos
Published by GT Media and the G20 Research Group, 2025

Welcome

Championing Africa’s voice in global governance
Cyril Matamela Ramaphosa, President, South Africa

Leaders’ View

Brazil leads global call for climate action
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President, Brazil

Welcoming America’s ‘golden age’
Donald Trump, President, United States

India’s call for inclusive progress
Narendra Modi, Prime Minister, India

Indonesia’s call for hope
Prabowo Subianto, President, Indonesia

Australia’s vision for shared security and sustainable prosperity
Anthony Albanese, Prime Minister, Australia

Building a fairer, stronger Britain
Sir Keir Starmer, Prime Minister, United Kingdom

France calls for renewed global cooperation
Emmanuel Macron, President, France

Saudi Arabia leads global water cooperation
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabia

Pooling the strength of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to improve global governance
Xi Jinping, President, China

Building a fairer, inclusive world
Recep Tayyip Erdogan, President, Türkiye

Rebuilding trust and reforming global governance for a changing world
Giorgia Meloni, Prime Minister, Italy

Leveraging energy strength, democratic values and strategic alliances, Canada is thriving
Mark Carney, Prime Minister, Canada

Delivering shared prosperity and justice
Claudia Sheinbaum, President, Mexico

Building strength, resilience and global leadership
Takaichi Sanae, Prime Minister, Japan

Choosing reform over decline
Javier Milei, President, Argentina

Advancing democracy and responsible innovation
Lee Jae Myung, President, Korea

Germany calls for a stronger, united Europe
Friedrich Merz, Chancellor, Germany

The merits of multipolarity in a changing world
Vladimir Putin, President, Russia

Defending Europe’s freedom and future
Ursula von der Leyen, President, European Commission

Europe’s choice: Multilateralism over chaos
António Costa, President, European Council

Building Africa’s future through unity
João Lourenço, President, Angola, and Chairperson, African Union

The G20 Johannesburg Summit: Preserving multilateral cooperation in a fragmented world
Pedro Sánchez, President, Spain

Guest Leaders’ Views

Egypt: Investing in peace and shared prosperity
Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, President, Egypt

The ocean can help us solve global challenges
Jonas Gahr Støre, Prime Minister, Norway

Ireland and the G20
Micheál Martin, Taoiseach, Ireland

Algeria’s call for equity and reform in global governance
Abdelmadjid Tebboune, President, Algeria

The United Arab Emirates in the G20: Collective action for a sustainable future
His Highness Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, United Arab Emirates

Sherpa’s Views

From crisis to continuity: The G20 is building a resilient and sustainable global economy
Cynthia Termorshuizen, Canada’s Deputy Minister for the G7 and personal representative of the Prime Minister for the G7 and G20

Editors’ Views

Prospects for the G20’s Johannesburg Summit
John Kirton, director, G20 Research Group

Africa’s voice at the G20: Will Johannesburg deliver?
Elizabeth Sidiropoulos, chief executive, and Krissmonne Olwagen, G20 research fellow, South African Institute of International Affairs

Equality

Macroeconomic policy

G20 performance on macroeconomic policy
Angela Minyi Hou, senior researcher, G20 Research Group

Tackling uncertainty to revive growth
Mathias Cormann, OECD secretary general

Financial stability

Strengthening global financial resilience: The FSB and G20’s shared mission
Andrew Bailey, chair, Financial Stability Board

Financial risks and geopolitical uncertainty
Chiara Oldani, lecturer, monetary economics, Università degli Studi della Tuscia

Trade and investment

G20 performance on trade
Joanna Davies, senior researcher, G20 Research Group

Facilitating secure and efficient global trade requires the steady hand of customs
Ian Saunders, secretary general, World Customs Organization

African trade policies in Mr Trump’s world
Peter Draper, executive director, Institute for International Trade in the School of Economics and Public Policy, University of Adelaide, and Andreas Freytag, professor of economics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena

Development and debt relief

G20 performance on development
Sonja Dobson, research associate, G20 Research Group

From South Africa to the United States: How two G20s can address the issues of debt and fiscal stress constraining global growth
Vera Songwe, chair, Liquidity and Sustainability Facility

Digitalisation and artificial intelligence

G20 performance on digitalisation
Maria Zelenova, senior researcher, G20 Research Group

Building an AI economy that works for all
Doreen Bogdan-Martin, ITU secretary general

Towards a Johannesburg declaration on AI governance
Chris Alden, professor of international relations, LSE, and Kenddrick Chan, LSE IDEAS

Ensuring the Global South has a meaningful place in the AI race
George Takach, author, Cold War 2.0

Labour and employment

G20 performance on labour and employment
Eisha Khan, senior researcher, G20 Research Group

Investing in inclusion: Building decent work and social protection for all
Gilbert Houngbo, director-general, International Labour Organization

Gender equality

G20 performance on gender equality
Julia Kulik, director, strategic initiatives and public engagement, G20
Research Group

Tourism, travel and culture

Solidarity, equality, sustainability: Reimagining tourism for a resilient global future
Zurab Pololikashvili, secretary general, UN Tourism

Sustainability

Climate change

G20 performance on climate change
Brittaney Warren, senior summit accountability researcher, G20 Research Group

From observation to adaptation: Empowering countries to act
Celeste Saulo, secretary general, World Meteorological Organization

Rethinking adaptation funding for a fairer, smarter future
Gautam Jain, senior research scholar, Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy Policy, and Jeffrey Schlegelmilch, director, National Center for Disaster Preparedness, Columbia Climate School

Environment

G20 performance on environment
Siobhan Mehrotra, senior researcher, G20 Research Group

The G20 Johannesburg Summit is an opportunity to act for people and planet
Astrid Schomaker, executive secretary, Convention on Biological Diversity

Energy

G20 performance on energy
Ella Kokotsis, director of accountability, G20 Research Group

Powering an equitable energy future
Interview with Francesco La Camera, director-general, IRENA

Critical minerals

Towards an international materials agency: Filling the global governance gap on critical minerals
Patrick Schröder, senior research fellow, Chatham House

Ensuring a just transition for critical minerals
Interview with Nozipho J. Mxakato-Diseko, former co-chair, Panel on Critical Energy Transition Minerals

A critical minerals framework for a fair and just transition
Kathryn Sturman, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland

Disaster resilience and response

Investing in prevention to secure the future
Interview with Kamal Kishore, special representative of the United Nations Secretary General for Disaster Risk Reduction

Africa must champion climate resilience and adaptation
Jean Chrysostome Ngabitsinze, director-general, African Risk Capacity Group

An early warning for the G20: Turning data into decisive action on disaster resilience
Jessica Rapson, research associate, G20 Research Group

G20 performance on health
Natasha Pirzada, senior researcher, G20 Research Group

Challenges for global health at the Johannesburg Summit – facing the paradigmatic shift
Ilona Kickbusch, founding director, Global Health Centre, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies

Food security

A world on the brink of hunger: Why G20 action cannot wait
Cindy McCain, executive director, World Food Programme

Fixing the food system for global nutrition security
Anna Taylor, executive director, The Food Foundation

Infrastructure

G20 performance on infrastructure
Julia Tops, senior researcher, G20 Research Group

Innovative instruments for infrastructure progress: Mobilising the private sector
Jane Jamieson, program manager, Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility and Quality Infrastructure Investment Partnership, World Bank Group

Housing

G20 performance on housing
Kathryn Kotris, researcher, G20 Research Group

Breaking the cycle of poverty and inequality through housing
Anacláudia Rossbach, United Nations undersecretary- general and executive director, UN-Habitat

Solidarity through Security

Fortifying the fight against illicit finance
Elisa de Anda Madrazo, president, Financial Action Task Force

Strengthening multilateral law and enforcement to confront global threats
Valdecy Urquiza, secretary general, Interpol

Bridging the illicit finance gap in the Global South
Denisse Rudich, director, G20 and G7 Research Groups (London) and CEO of Rudich Advisory

Fighting financial crime is a growth strategy
Ixart Miquel-Flores, European Central Bank and the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management

Governance

G20 performance on international financial institutional reform
Maria Fernanda Erthal, researcher, G20 Research Group

South Africa’s G20 presidency: Performance and prospects for the Johannesburg Summit
Mahek Kaur and Irene Wu, co-chairs of summit studies, G20 Research Group

South Africa’s partial G20 success in 2025
Daniel Bradlow, professor and senior research fellow, Centre for Advancement of Scholarship, University of Pretoria

Back to the future for America’s G20 in 2026
Mark Sobel, US chair, OMFIF

Advocacy

Africa united
WTM Africa’s role in regional integration through tourism

Sabah’s living blueprint for a sustainable planet
Datuk Seri Panglima Haji Hajiji Haji Noor, Chief Minister of Sabah, Malaysia

Precision for progress: Building a sustainable future through innovation
Sébastien Dui, founder and CEO, SureFlow

Health as an economic priority – building on the momentum of the G20 South Africa presidency
David Reddy, director general, International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations, Bada Pharasi, former CEO, Innovative Pharmaceutical Association South Africa

Building new bridges to overcome contradictions in global health
Axel Radlach Pries, president, World Health Summit

Ending neglected tropical diseases for stronger communities, health systems and economies
Solomon Zewdu, CEO, The END Fund

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